Photon and Leptons induced processes at the LHC

TL;DR

This paper investigates photon- and lepton-initiated processes at the LHC, including exotic particle production and lepton scattering, using advanced computational methods to compare different approaches and assess their uncertainties.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive comparison between factorization-based and hadronic-tensor calculations for lepton processes at the LHC, including NLO corrections and uncertainty analysis.

Findings

Lepton-lepton scattering may be observable at the LHC.

Cross-section uncertainties are assessed and minimized.

Comparison shows differences between calculation methods, guiding future analyses.

Abstract

We study a few basic photon- and lepton-initiated processes at the LHC which can be computed using the recently developed photon and lepton parton densities. First, we consider the production of a massive scalar particle initiated by lepton-antilepton annihilation and photon-photon fusion as representative examples of searches of exotic particles. Then we study lepton-lepton scattering, since this Standard-Model process may be observable at the LHC. We examine these processes at leading and next-to-leading order and, using the POWHEG method, we match our calculations to parton shower programs that implement the required lepton or photon initial-states. We assess the typical size of cross-sections and their uncertainties and discuss the preferred choices for the factorization scale. These processes can also be computed starting directly from the lepto-production hadronic tensor, leading to a result where some collinear-enhanced QED corrections are missing, but all strong corrections are included. Thus, we are in the unique position to perform a comparison of results obtained via the factorization approach to a calculation that does not have strong corrections. This is particularly relevant in the case of lepton-scattering, that is more abundant at lower energies where it is affected by larger strong corrections. We thus compute this process also with the hadronic-tensor method, and compare the results with those obtained with POWHEG. Finally, for some lepton-lepton scattering processes, we compare the size of the signal to the main quark-induced background, which is double Drell-Yan production, and outline a preliminary search strategy to enhance the signal to background ratio.