Characterizations of some groups in terms of centralizers

TL;DR

This paper investigates the structure of specific finite groups characterized by their centralizers, providing bounds, classifications, and properties of n-centralizer, F-, and CA-groups, with implications for their subgroup and quotient structures.

Contribution

It introduces new bounds on the quotient size of non-abelian n-centralizer groups, characterizes finite F-groups with specific centralizer counts, and extends classifications of groups based on their centralizer properties.

Findings

Bounded the size of G/Z(G) for non-abelian n-centralizer groups.

Proved gcd(n-2, |G/Z(G)|) ≠ 1 for non-abelian n-centralizer F-groups.

Characterized when the number of centralizers equals half the group order, identifying specific group types.

Abstract

A group $G$ is said to be $n$-centralizer if its number of element centralizers $\mid \Cent(G)\mid=n$, an F-group if every non-central element centralizer contains no other element centralizer and a CA-group if all non-central element centralizers are abelian. For any non-abelian $n$-centralizer group $G$, we prove that $\mid \frac{G}{Z(G)}\mid \leq (n-2)^2$, if $n \leq 12$ and $\mid \frac{G}{Z(G)}\mid \leq 2(n-4)^{{log}_2^{(n-4)}}$ otherwise, which improves an earlier result. We prove that if $G$ is an arbitrary non-abelian $n$-centralizer F-group, then gcd$(n-2, \mid \frac{G}{Z(G)}\mid) \neq 1$. For a finite F-group $G$, we show that $\mid \Cent(G)\mid \geq \frac{\mid G \mid}{2}$ iff $G \cong A_4 $, an extraspecial $2$-group or a Frobenius group with abelian kernel and complement of order $2$. Among other results, for a finite group $G$ with non-trivial center, it is proved that $\mid \Cent(G)\mid = \frac{\mid G \mid }{2}$ iff $G$ is an extraspecial $2$-group. We give a family of F-groups which are not CA-groups and extend an earlier result.