Measurement-Based Quantum Computation

TL;DR

Measurement-based quantum computation uses entangled resource states and local measurements to perform quantum algorithms, offering a resource-efficient alternative to circuit-based models with experimental realizations in various physical systems.

Contribution

This paper reviews the development, theoretical foundations, and experimental progress of measurement-based quantum computation, highlighting its advantages and potential for practical quantum computing.

Findings

Cluster states have been experimentally realized in multiple physical systems.

Measurement-based schemes can implement universal quantum computation.

Connections to complexity, time emergence, and classical models have been established.

Abstract

Measurement-based quantum computation is a framework of quantum computation, where entanglement is used as a resource and local measurements on qubits are used to drive the computation. It originates from the one-way quantum computer of Raussendorf and Briegel, who introduced the so-called cluster state as the underlying entangled resource state and showed that any quantum circuit could be executed by performing only local measurement on individual qubits. The randomness in the measurement outcomes can be dealt with by adapting future measurement axes so that computation is deterministic. Subsequent works have expanded the discussions of the measurement-based quantum computation to various subjects, including the quantification of entanglement for such a measurement-based scheme, the search for other resource states beyond cluster states and computational phases of matter. In addition, the measurement-based framework also provides useful connections to the emergence of time ordering, computational complexity and classical spin models, blind quantum computation, etc. and has given an alternative, resource-efficient approach to implement the original linear-optic quantum computation of Knill, Laflamme and Milburn. Cluster states and a few other resource states have been created experimentally in various physical systems and the measurement-based approach offers a potential alternative to the standard circuit approach to realize a practical quantum computer.