Gravitational waves from holographic QCD phase transition with gluon condensate

TL;DR

This paper explores how a holographic model of QCD phase transition with gluon condensate can generate gravitational waves, predicting their properties and potential detectability by future observatories.

Contribution

It introduces a holographic framework linking gluon condensate to QCD phase transition and gravitational wave production, providing specific predictions for GW characteristics.

Findings

Phase transition temperature proportional to gluon condensate

Predicted GW signals may be detectable by future observatories

Gluon condensate suppresses GW energy density and peak frequency

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the holographic first order QCD phase transition with gluon condensate and the generation of gravitational waves (GWs) from the phase transition. The first order QCD phase transition is dual to the first order Hawking-Page phase transition from holography. We study the first order Hawking-Page phase transition from the thermal dilatonic phase to the dilatonic black hole phase and find the phase transition temperature is proportional to the gluon condensate. After substituting into the phenomenological value of gluon condensate from QCD sum rules, we find $T_c=155.38\ MeV$. In further research, we study the GWs generated from holographic cosmic first order QCD phase transition with gluon condensate and the produced GWs might be detected by the International Pulsar Timing Array, Square Kilometre Array and Big-Bang Observer. Moreover, the gluon condensate suppresses the energy density of total GWs and peak frequency.