Analytic exposition of the graviton modes in fractional quantum Hall effects and its physical implications

TL;DR

This paper analytically derives the energy gaps of graviton modes in fractional quantum Hall systems, constructs model Hamiltonians, and explores their physical implications, including phase transitions and excitations.

Contribution

It provides new analytical results for graviton mode energy gaps and hierarchical conformal Hilbert spaces in FQH phases, with numerical analysis on specific states.

Findings

Low-lying neutral excitations can undergo phase transitions.

Gapped phases exhibit multiple graviton modes and transitions to hollow-core modes.

Analytical tools reveal hierarchical structure of conformal Hilbert spaces.

Abstract

Neutral excitations in a fractional quantum Hall droplet define the incompressibility gap of the topological phase. In this work, we derived a set of analytical results for the energy gap of the graviton modes with two-body and three-body Hamiltonians in both the long-wavelength and thermodynamic limit. These allow us to construct model Hamiltonians for the graviton modes in different FQH phases, and to elucidate a hierarchical structure of conformal Hilbert spaces (nullspaces of model Hamiltonians) with respect to the graviton modes and their corresponding ground states. Using the analytical tools developed, we perform numerical analysis with a particular focus on the Laughlin $\nu = 1/5$ and the Gaffnian $\nu = 2/5$ phases. Our calculation shows that for gapped phases, low-lying neutral excitations can undergo a "phase transition" even when the ground state is invariant. We discuss the compressibility of the Gaffnian phase, the possibility of multiple graviton modes, and the transition from the graviton modes to the "hollow-core" modes, as well as their experimental consequences.