Two-mode Schr\"odinger-cat states with nonlinear optomechanics: generation and verification of non-Gaussian mechanical entanglement

TL;DR

This paper proposes a pulsed optomechanical scheme to generate and verify non-Gaussian two-mode Schr"odinger-cat states of mechanical oscillators, advancing quantum state control and measurement in optomechanics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel pulsed approach combining nonlinearity and photon-counting to create and verify non-Gaussian entangled states of mechanical oscillators.

Findings

Feasible with minor experimental improvements outside resolved-sideband regime

Allows measurement of quadrature moments up to any finite order

Provides a comprehensive protocol for state generation and verification

Abstract

Cavity quantum optomechanics has emerged as a new platform for quantum science and technology with applications ranging from quantum-information processing to tests of the foundations of physics. Of crucial importance for optomechanics is the generation and verification of non-Gaussian states of motion and a key outstanding challenge is the observation of a canonical two-mode Schr\"odinger-cat state in the displacement of two mechanical oscillators. In this work, we introduce a pulsed approach that utilizes the nonlinearity of the radiation-pressure interaction combined with photon-counting measurements to generate this entangled non-Gaussian mechanical state, and, importantly, describe a protocol using subsequent pulsed interactions to verify the non-Gaussian entanglement generated. Our pulsed verification protocol allows quadrature moments of the two mechanical oscillators to be measured up to any finite order providing a toolset for experimental characterisation of bipartite mechanical quantum states and allowing a broad range of inseparability criteria to be evaluated. Key experimental factors, such as optical loss and open-system dynamics, are carefully analyzed and we show that the scheme is feasible with only minor improvements to current experiments that operate outside the resolved-sideband regime. Our scheme provides a new avenue for quantum experiments with entangled mechanical oscillators and offers significant potential for further research and development that utilizes such non-Gaussian states for quantum-information and sensing applications, and for studying the quantum-to-classical transition.