Quantum fluctuations of baryon number density

TL;DR

This paper derives the quantum fluctuation expression of baryon number density for hot relativistic particles, revealing divergence at small scales and providing numerical solutions relevant for interpreting heavy-ion collision experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a new derivation of baryon number fluctuations in relativistic quantum systems and offers numerical results applicable to experimental data analysis.

Findings

Fluctuations diverge as system size approaches zero

Numerical solutions span a range of thermodynamic parameters

Results aid interpretation of heavy-ion collision data

Abstract

Quantum fluctuation expression of the baryon number for a subsystem consisting of hot relativistic spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ particles are derived. These fluctuations seems to diverge in the limit where system size goes to zero. For a broad range of thermodynamic parameters numerical solutions are obtained which might be helpful to interpret the heavy-ion experimental data.