Probing the parameters of a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence and cloud of strings through four standard astrophysical tests

TL;DR

This paper applies four classical astrophysical tests to a Schwarzschild black hole model influenced by quintessence and a cloud of strings, constraining model parameters using observational data.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analysis of black hole spacetime parameters affected by quintessence and strings through standard tests and observational constraints.

Findings

Cloud of strings parameter constrained to ~10^{-9}

Quintessence parameter constrained to ~10^{-20} m^{-1}

Black hole response to gravitational perturbations discussed

Abstract

In this paper, we concern about applying general relativistic tests on the spacetime produced by a static black hole associated with cloud of strings, in a universe filled with quintessence. The four tests we apply are precession of the perihelion in the planetary orbits, gravitational redshift, deflection of light, and the Shapiro time delay. Through this process, we constrain the spacetime's parameters in the context of the observational data, which results in about $\sim 10^{-9}$ for the cloud of strings parameter, and $\sim 10^{-20}$ m$^{-1}$ for that of quintessence. The response of the black hole to the gravitational perturbations is also discussed.