Harmonic functions with polynomial growth on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature

TL;DR

This paper establishes sharp bounds on the dimension of harmonic functions with polynomial growth on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature, linking it to eigenvalues of the tangent cone cross-section and recovering classical Euclidean results.

Contribution

It provides a new upper bound for harmonic functions' growth dimension on such manifolds, connecting geometric analysis with spectral properties of the tangent cone.

Findings

Derived an upper bound for $h_k$ based on eigenvalues of $X$

Established the limit of $k^{1-n}h_k$ as $k$ approaches infinity

Results recover classical properties of harmonic functions in Euclidean space

Abstract

Suppose $(M,g)$ is a Riemannian manifold having dimension $n$, nonnegative Ricci curvature, maximal volume growth and unique tangent cone at infinity. In this case, the tangent cone at infinity $C(X)$ is an Euclidean cone over the cross-section $X$. Denote by $\alpha=\lim_{r\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\mathrm{Vol}(B_{r}(p))}{r^{n}}$ the asymptotic volume ratio. Let $h_{k}=h_{k}(M)$ be the dimension of the space of harmonic functions with polynomial growth of growth order at most $k$. In this paper, we prove a upper bound of $h_{k}$ in terms of the counting function of eigenvalues of $X$. As a corollary, we obtain $\lim_{k\rightarrow\infty}k^{1-n}h_{k}=\frac{2\alpha}{(n-1)!\omega_{n}}$. These results are sharp, as they recover the corresponding well-known properties of $h_{k}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. In particular, these results hold on manifolds with nonnegative sectional curvature and maximal volume growth.