NIHAO-LG: The uniqueness of Local Group dwarf galaxies

TL;DR

This study uses hydrodynamical simulations to compare Local Group dwarf galaxies with field dwarfs, revealing similarities in gas and stellar properties but highlighting environmental effects like increased central cold gas and halo metallicity in LG dwarfs.

Contribution

The paper introduces a detailed simulation comparison showing that LG dwarf galaxies have distinct environmental features, especially in gas content and metallicity evolution, compared to field dwarfs.

Findings

LG dwarfs have more central cold gas than field dwarfs.

LG dwarfs possess more metal-rich gas in their halos.

Metal diffusion has minimal impact on dwarf galaxy evolution.

Abstract

Recent observational and theoretical studies of the Local Group (LG) dwarf galaxies have highlighted their unique star-formation history, stellar metallicity, gas content, and kinematics. We investigate the commonality of these features by comparing constrained LG and field central dwarf halo simulations in the Numerical Investigation of a Hundred Astrophysical Objects (NIHAO) project. Our simulations, performed with NIHAO-like hydrodynamics which track the evolution of the Milky Way (MW) and M31 along with ~100 dwarfs in the LG, reveal the total gas mass and stellar properties (velocity dispersion, evolution history, etc.) of present-day LG dwarfs to be similar to field systems. However, relative to field galaxies, LG dwarfs have more cold gas in their central parts and more metal-rich gas in the halo stemming from interactions with other dwarfs living in a high-density environment like the LG. Interestingly, the direct impact of massive MW/M31 analogues on the metallicity evolution of LG dwarfs is minimal; LG dwarfs accrete high-metallicity gas mostly from other dwarfs at late times. We have also tested for the impact of metal diffusion on the chemical evolution of LG dwarfs, and found that it does not affect the stellar or gaseous content of LG dwarfs. Our simulations suggest that the stellar components of LG dwarfs offer a unique and unbiased local laboratory for galaxy-formation tests and comparisons, especially against the overall dwarf population in the Universe.