The C60:C60+ ratio in diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds

TL;DR

This study estimates the C60 to C60+ ratio in interstellar clouds using electronic absorption spectra, providing insights into the charge states of fullerenes without relying on IR emission data.

Contribution

It introduces a method to evaluate the C60:C60+ ratio through absorption bands, revising oscillator strengths and analyzing archival spectra.

Findings

Upper limit of ~1.3 for C60:C60+ ratio

Neutral C60 molecules may be more abundant than previously thought

Non-detection of vibronic bands does not imply absence of neutral C60

Abstract

Context. Insight into the conditions that drive the physics and chemistry in interstellar clouds is gained from determining the abundance and charge state of their components. Aims. We propose an evaluation of the C60:C60+ ratio in diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds that exploits electronic absorption bands so as not to rely on ambiguous IR emission measurements. Methods. The ratio is determined by analyzing archival spectra and literature data. Information on the cation population is obtained from published characteristics of the main diffuse interstellar bands attributed to C60+ and absorption cross sections already reported for the vibronic bands of the cation. The population of neutral molecules is described in terms of upper limit because the relevant vibronic bands of C60 are not brought out by observations. We revise the oscillator strengths reported for C60 and measure the spectrum of the molecule isolated in Ne ice to complete them. Results. We scale down the oscillator strengths for absorption bands of C60 and find an upper limit of approximately 1.3 for the C60:C60+ ratio. Conclusions. We conclude that the fraction of neutral molecules in the buckminsterfullerene population of diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds may be notable despite the non-detection of the expected vibronic bands. More certainty will require improved laboratory data and observations.