Image-Based Multi-UAV Tracking System in a Cluttered Environment

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel multi-UAV tracking system that uses quadratic programming and control barrier functions to effectively track dynamic targets while avoiding occlusion and collisions in cluttered environments.

Contribution

It introduces a cooperative multi-UAV control framework with a quadratic programming-based controller and distributed control barrier functions for occlusion and collision avoidance.

Findings

The system successfully tracks moving targets in simulations.

The control approach reduces inter-UAV communication.

The method ensures UAV connectivity and target visibility.

Abstract

A tracking controller for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is developed to track moving targets undergoing unknown translational and rotational motions. The main challenges are to control both the relative positions and angles between the target and the UAVs to within desired values, and to guarantee that the generated control inputs to the UAVs are feasible (i.e., within their motion capabilities). Moreover, the UAVs are controlled to ensure that the target always remains within the fields of view of their onboard cameras. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to apply multiple UAVs to cooperatively track a dynamic target while ensuring that the UAVs remain connected and that both occlusion and collisions are avoided. To achieve these control objectives, a designed controller solved based on the aforementioned tracking controller using quadratic programming can generate minimally invasive control actions to achieve occlusion avoidance and collision avoidance. Furthermore, control barrier functions (CBFs) with a distributed design are developed in order to reduce the amount of inter-UAV communication. Simulations were performed to assess the efficacy and performance of the developed CBF-based controller for the multi-UAV system in tracking a target.