PENELLOPE II. CVSO 104: a pre-main sequence close binary with an optical companion in Ori OB1

TL;DR

This study characterizes the pre-main sequence binary CVSO 104 in Ori OB1, deriving its orbital and stellar parameters, revealing accretion activity, and identifying a non-associated optical companion.

Contribution

First detailed orbital and stellar parameter determination of CVSO 104, including accretion analysis and companion characterization, using PENELLOPE data.

Findings

Orbital period of about 5 days with high eccentricity.

Both stars are accreting at similar levels.

The optical companion is a background star, not physically associated.

Abstract

We present results of our study of the close pre-main sequence spectroscopic binary CVSO 104 in Ori OB1, based on data obtained within the PENELLOPE legacy program. We derive, for the first time, the orbital elements of the system and the stellar parameters of the two components. The system is composed of two early M-type stars and has an orbital period of about 5 days and a mass ratio of 0.92, but contrarily to expectations does not appear to have a tertiary companion. Both components have been (quasi-)synchronized, but the orbit is still very eccentric. The spectral energy distribution clearly displays a significant infrared excess compatible with a circumbinary disk. The analysis of HeI and Balmer line profiles, after the removal of the composite photospheric spectrum, reveals that both components are accreting at a similar level. We also observe excess emission in H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$, which appears redshifted or blueshifted by more than 100 km/s with respect to the mass center of the system depending on the orbital phase. This additional emission could be connected with accretion structures, such as funnels of matter from the circumbinary disk. We also analyze the optical companion located at about 2".4 from the spectroscopic binary. This companion, that we named CVSO 104B, turns out to be a background Sun-like star not physically associated with the PMS system and not belonging to Ori OB1.