Moments of the 2d directed polymer in the subcritical regime and a generalisation of the Erd\"os-Taylor theorem

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the moments of the 2D directed polymer's partition function in the subcritical regime, revealing their limits, connecting to Gaussian free fields, and generalizing the Erdős-Taylor theorem on collision local times.

Contribution

It computes the limiting moments of the partition function and averaged field, and extends the Erdős-Taylor theorem to multiple random walk collisions in two dimensions.

Findings

Limit of moments of the partition function established.

Connection to Gaussian free field identified.

Generalization of Erdős-Taylor theorem on collision times.

Abstract

We compute the limit of the moments of the partition function $Z_{N}^{\beta_N} $ of the directed polymer in dimension $d=2$ in the subcritical regime, i.e. when the inverse temperature is scaled as $\beta_N \sim \hat{\beta} \sqrt{\tfrac{\pi}{\log N}}$ for $\hat{\beta} \in (0,1)$. In particular, we establish that for every $h \in \mathbb{R}$, $\lim_{N \to \infty } \mathbb{E}\big[\big(Z_{N}^{\beta_N}\big)^h\big]=\big(\frac{1}{1-\hat{\beta}^2}\big)^{\frac{h(h-1)}{2}}.$ We also identify the limit of the moments of the averaged field $\tfrac{\sqrt{\log N}}{N} \sum_{x \in \mathbb{Z}^2} \varphi(\tfrac{x}{\sqrt{N}})\big(Z_{N}^{\beta_N}(x)-1 \big )$, for $\varphi \in C_c(\mathbb{R}^2)$, as those of a gaussian free field. As a byproduct, we identify the limiting probability distribution of the total pairwise collisions between $h$ independent, two dimensional random walks starting at the origin. In particular, we derive that $$ \frac{\pi}{\log N}\sum_{1 \leq i<j\leq h} \mathsf{L}_N^{(i,j)}\xrightarrow[N \to \infty ]{(d)} \Gamma\big( \tfrac{h(h-1)}{2},1\big) \, ,$$ where ${\mathsf{L}}^{(i,j)}_N$ denotes the collision local time by time $N$ between copies $i,j$ and $\Gamma$ denotes the Gamma distribution. This generalises a classical result of Erd\"{o}s-Taylor.