On the relation between the propagator matrix and the Marchenko focusing function

TL;DR

This paper explores the close relationship between the propagator matrix and the Marchenko focusing function, revealing how their connection can enhance seismic imaging techniques by combining their strengths.

Contribution

It demonstrates the theoretical link between the propagator matrix and the Marchenko focusing function, enabling transfer of properties and improved data-driven subsurface imaging.

Findings

Propagator matrix handles evanescent waves effectively.

Focusing function can be derived from reflection data.

The relationship reduces model sensitivity in imaging.

Abstract

The propagator matrix "propagates" a full wave field from one depth level to another, accounting for all propagation angles and evanescent waves. The Marchenko focusing function forms the nucleus of data-driven Marchenko redatuming and imaging schemes, accounting for internal multiples. These seemingly different concepts appear to be closely related to each other. With this insight, the strong aspects of the propagator matrix (such as the handling of evanescent waves) can be transferred to the focusing function. Vice-versa, the propagator matrix inherits from the focusing function that it can be retrieved from the reflection response, which reduces its sensitivity to the subsurface model.