Superintegrability of 3-dimensional Hamiltonian systems with conformally Euclidean metrics. Oscillator-related and Kepler-related systems

TL;DR

This paper proves superintegrability of four 3D Hamiltonian systems in conformally Euclidean spaces, including oscillator and Kepler-related systems, with some having higher-order integrals of motion.

Contribution

It introduces four specific superintegrable 3D Hamiltonian systems with explicit integrals, extending known models with new nonlinear terms and higher-order constants.

Findings

All four systems are superintegrable with maximal integrals.

Two systems have quadratic superintegrability related to oscillator models.

Two systems have higher-order integrals, extending classical Kepler and oscillator systems.

Abstract

We study four particular 3-dimensional natural Hamiltonian systems defined in conformally Euclidean spaces. We prove their superintegrability and we obtain, in the four cases, the maximal number of functionally independent integrals of motion. The two first systems are related to the 3-dimensional isotropic oscillator and the superintegrability is quadratic. The third system is obtained as a continuous deformation of an oscillator with ratio of frequencies 1:1:2 and with three additional nonlinear terms of the form $k_2/x^2$, $k_3/y^2$ and $k_4/z^2$, and the fourth system is obtained as a deformation of the Kepler Hamiltonian also with these three particular nonlinear terms. These third and fourth systems are superintegrable but with higher-order constants of motion. The four systems depend on a real parameter in such a way that they are continuous functions of the parameter (in a certain domain of the parameter) and in the limit of such parameter going to zero the Euclidean dynamics is recovered.