Supersolid phases of ultracold bosons trapped in optical lattices dressed with Rydberg $p$-states

TL;DR

This paper explores how anisotropic Rydberg $p$-state interactions in ultracold bosons trapped in optical lattices can facilitate the realization of supersolid phases, using mean-field theory to analyze the phase diagram.

Contribution

It investigates the effects of anisotropic Rydberg $p$-state interactions on supersolid phase formation in a two-component Bose-Hubbard model, highlighting advantages over isotropic $s$-state interactions.

Findings

Anisotropic interactions favor supersolid phase observation.

Phase diagram analysis reveals regimes with supersolid phases.

Comparison shows $p$-state interactions are more advantageous than $s$-states.

Abstract

Engineering quantum phases with spontaneously broken symmetries is a major goal of research in different fields. Trapped ultracold Rydberg-excited atoms in optical lattices are a promising platform for realizing quantum phases with broken lattice translational symmetry since they are interacting over distances larger than the lattice constant. Although numerous theoretical works on trapped Rydberg-excited gases have predicted such phases, in particular density wave or supersolid phases, their experimental observation proves to be difficult due to challenges such as scattering processes and the limited experimentally achievable coupling strength. Most of these previous studies have focused on isotropically interacting gases dressed with Rydberg $s$-states, while the effect of anisotropic interactions due to Rydberg-excited $p$-states in trapped quantum gases remains much less investigated. Additionally, it was shown that the excitation scheme used to excite Rydberg $p$-states possesses advantages regarding achievable coupling strengths and limitation of scattering processes compared to its $s$-state counterpart, which makes the investigation of Rydberg $p$-state dressed quantum gases even more interesting. In the present work, we study the extended, two-component Bose-Hubbard model, realized with a bosonic quantum gas with Rydberg-excited $p$-states trapped in an optical lattice, within Gutzwiller mean-field theory. We compute the ground state phase diagram and investigate its different regimes. By comparison to the phase diagram of the isotropic case, we find the anisotropic interaction to be more advantageous for the observation of supersolid phases.