ANTASID: A Novel Temporal Adjustment to Shannon's Index of Difficulty for Quantifying the Perceived Difficulty of Uncontrolled Pointing Tasks
Mohammad Ridwan Kabir (1, 3), Mohammad Ishrak Abedin (2, 3),, Rizvi Ahmed (2, 3), Hasan Mahmud (1, 3), Md. Kamrul Hasan (1, 3), ((1) Systems, Software Lab (SSL), (2) Network, Data Analysis Group, (NDAG), (3) Department of Computer Science, Engineering, Islamic

TL;DR
This paper introduces ANTASID, a new temporal adjustment to Shannon's Index of Difficulty, improving the accuracy of difficulty measurement in uncontrolled pointing tasks by accounting for speed variations.
Contribution
The paper proposes ANTASID, a novel temporal adjustment to Shannon's ID, validated through regression analysis on multiple datasets, enhancing difficulty quantification in real-world tasks.
Findings
ANTASID outperforms classical Shannon's ID in fit and throughput.
ANTASID reduces standard error in difficulty measurement.
Quantification of ID with ANTASID differs significantly from traditional methods.
Abstract
Shannon's Index of Difficulty (), reputable for quantifying the perceived difficulty of pointing tasks as a logarithmic relationship between movement-amplitude () and target-width (), is used for modelling the corresponding observed movement-times () in such tasks in controlled experimental setup. However, real-life pointing tasks are both spatially and temporally uncontrolled, being influenced by factors such as - human aspects, subjective behavior, the context of interaction, the inherent speed-accuracy trade-off where, emphasizing accuracy compromises speed of interaction and vice versa, and so on. Effective target-width () is considered as spatial adjustment for compensating accuracy. However, no significant adjustment exists in the literature for compensating speed in different contexts of interaction in these tasks. As a result, without any temporal…
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