Entangling-gate error from coherently displaced motional modes of trapped ions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how coherent motional excitations, such as those from ion transport, affect entangling gate errors in trapped-ion quantum computers, revealing that phase control can mitigate these errors.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of coherent motional excitation impact on entangling gates and demonstrates error suppression via phase control based on experimental data.

Findings

Coherent displacement significantly increases gate error.

Limited phase control can suppress displacement-induced errors.

Transported ions exhibit measurable effects on gate fidelity.

Abstract

Entangling gates in trapped-ion quantum computing have primarily targeted stationary ions with initial motional distributions that are thermal and close to the ground state. However, future systems will likely incur significant non-thermal excitation due to, e.g., ion transport, longer operational times, and increased spatial extent of the trap array. In this paper, we analyze the impact of such coherent motional excitation on entangling-gate error by performing simulations of Molmer-Sorenson (MS) gates on a pair of trapped-ion qubits with both thermal and coherent excitation present in a shared motional mode at the start of the gate. We discover that a small amount of coherent displacement dramatically erodes gate performance in the presence of experimental noise, and we demonstrate that applying only limited control over the phase of the displacement can suppress this error. We then use experimental data from transported ions to analyze the impact of coherent displacement on MS-gate error under realistic conditions.