Robust single- and multi-loudspeaker least-squares-based equalization for hearing devices

TL;DR

This paper presents a unified least-squares-based method for designing single- and multi-loudspeaker equalization filters in hearing devices, improving acoustic transparency and reducing comb-filtering artifacts through acausality management and frequency-dependent regularization.

Contribution

It introduces a novel unified approach for equalization filter design that accounts for non-minimum phase components and reduces artifacts, applicable to both single- and multi-loudspeaker hearing devices.

Findings

Achieves robust acoustic transparency in hearing devices.

Reduces comb-filtering artifacts with frequency-dependent regularization.

Performs well across different open ear transfer functions.

Abstract

To improve the sound quality of hearing devices, equalization filters can be used that aim at achieving acoustic transparency, i.e., listening with the device in the ear is perceptually similar to the open ear. The equalization filter needs to ensure that the superposition of the equalized signal played by the device and the signal leaking through the device into the ear canal matches a processed version of the signal reaching the eardrum of the open ear. Depending on the processing delay of the hearing device, comb-filtering artifacts can occur due to this superposition, which may degrade the perceived sound quality. In this paper we propose a unified least-squares-based procedure to design single- and multi-loudspeaker equalization filters for hearing devices aiming at achieving acoustic transparency. To account for non-minimum phase components, we introduce a so-called acausality management. To reduce comb-filtering artifacts, we propose to use a frequency-dependent regularization. Experimental results using measured acoustic transfer functions from a multi-loudspeaker earpiece show that the proposed equalization filter design procedure enables to achieve robust acoustic transparency and reduces the impact of comb-filtering artifacts. A comparison between single- and multi-loudspeaker equalization shows that for both cases a robust equalization performance can be achieved for different desired open ear transfer functions.