On the uniqueness of multi-breathers of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

TL;DR

This paper proves the existence and uniqueness of multi-breather solutions for the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, demonstrating exponential convergence in various Sobolev spaces under certain conditions.

Contribution

It establishes the existence of multi-breather solutions at the H^2 level and proves their uniqueness under specific convergence and velocity conditions.

Findings

Multi-breather solutions exist and are unique under certain conditions.

Convergence to the multi-breather is exponential in time.

Results hold in H^s spaces, including H^2.

Abstract

We consider the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (mKdV) and prove that given any sum P of solitons and breathers of (mKdV) (with distinct velocities), there exists a solution p of (mKdV) such that p(t) -- P(t) $\rightarrow$ 0 when t $\rightarrow$ +$\infty$, which we call multi-breather. In order to do this, we work at the H^2 level (even if usually solitons are considered at the H^1 level). We will show that this convergence takes place in any H^s space and that this convergence is exponentially fast in time. We also show that the constructed multi-breather is unique in two cases: in the class of solutions which converge to the profile P faster than the inverse of a polynomial of a large enough degree in time (we will call this a super polynomial convergence), or (without hypothesis on the convergence rate), when all the velocities are positive.