COVID-19 Diagnostics: Past, Present, and Future

TL;DR

This paper reviews the evolution of COVID-19 diagnostic methods, highlighting rapid adaptations, new spectroscopic techniques, and future platform technologies to improve pandemic response and preparedness.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of past and current COVID-19 diagnostics and discusses future directions for adaptable platform technologies.

Findings

Rapid adaptation of diagnostic technologies during COVID-19

Development of new spectroscopic methods for detection

Potential for platform technologies to address future epidemics

Abstract

In winter of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a global threat, impacting not only health but also financial and political stability. To address the societal need for monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2, many existing diagnostic technologies were quickly adapted to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antigens as well as the immune response and new testing strategies were developed to accelerate time-to-decision. In parallel, the infusion of research support accelerated the development of new spectroscopic methods. While these methods have significantly reduced the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on society when coupled with behavioral changes, they also lay the groundwork for a new generation of platform technologies. With several epidemics on the horizon, such as the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the ability to quickly pivot the target pathogen of this diagnostic toolset will continue to have an impact.