Understanding the Social Determinants of Mental Health of the Undergraduate Students in Bangladesh: Interview Study

TL;DR

This study identifies key social factors affecting Bangladeshi undergraduates' mental health and explores self-monitoring tools to help them recognize and manage these influences.

Contribution

It provides empirical insights into social determinants of mental health in Bangladeshi students and demonstrates the feasibility of using self-monitoring apps for mental health awareness.

Findings

Academics, family, job, and religion are major social determinants.

Participants used the app to identify personal issues affecting their mood.

Self-monitoring led to self-initiated steps to improve mental health.

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to identify the social determinants of mental health among undergraduate students in Bangladesh, a developing nation in South Asia. Our goal is to identify the broader social determinants of mental health among this population, study the manifestation of these determinants in their day-to-day life, and explore the feasibility of self-monitoring tools in helping them identify the specific factors or relationships that impact their mental health. Methods: We conducted a 21-day study with 38 undergraduate students from seven universities in Bangladesh. We conducted two semi-structured interviews: one pre-study and one post-study. During the 21-day study, participants used an Android application to self-report and self-monitor their mood after each phone conversation. The app prompted participants to report their mood after each phone conversation and provided graphs and charts so that participants could independently review their mood and conversation patterns. Results: Our results show that academics, family, job and economic condition, romantic relationships, and religion are the major social determinants of mental health among undergraduate students in Bangladesh. Our app helped the participants pinpoint the specific issues related to these factors as participants could review the pattern of their moods and emotions from past conversation history. Although our app does not provide any explicit recommendation, participants took certain steps on their own to improve their mental health (e.g., reduced the frequency of communication with certain persons). Conclusions: Overall, the findings from this study would provide better insights for the researchers to design better solutions to help the younger population from this part of the world.