The limits of multiplexing quantum and classical channels: Case study of a 2.5 GHz discrete variable quantum key distribution system

TL;DR

This study evaluates the performance limits of a 2.5 GHz discrete variable quantum key distribution system multiplexed with classical channels in a real-world fiber network, highlighting its potential and constraints.

Contribution

It provides experimental and theoretical insights into the maximum classical power and fiber length for effective quantum key distribution in multiplexed optical networks.

Findings

Successful key generation over 95.5 km fiber with classical signals at 8.9 dBm

Theoretical analysis of ideal system limits under same conditions

Key exchange possible with 16.7 dBm classical power over 51 km fiber

Abstract

Network integration of quantum key distribution is crucial for its future widespread deployment due to the high cost of using optical fibers dedicated for the quantum channel, only. We studied the performance of a system running a simplified BB84 protocol at 2.5 GHz repetition rate, operating in the original wavelength band, short O-band, when multiplexed with communication channels in the conventional wavelength band, short C-band. Our system could successfully generate secret keys over a single-mode fiber with a length of 95.5 km and with co-propagating classical signals at a launch power of 8.9 dBm. Further, we discuss the performance of an ideal system under the same conditions, showing the limits of what is possible with a discrete variable system in the O-band. We also considered a short and lossy link with 51 km optical fiber resembling a real link in a metropolitan area network. In this scenario we could exchange a secret key with a launch power up to 16.7 dBm in the classical channels.