Height-Dependent LoS Probability Model for A2G MmWave Communications under Built-up Scenarios

TL;DR

This paper introduces a height-dependent LoS probability model for A2G mmWave communications in built-up scenarios, improving prediction accuracy at various altitudes and aiding in system performance analysis.

Contribution

It develops a novel height-dependent LoS probability model that extends the ITU-R standard to high altitudes and provides an efficient parametric approximation for A2G mmWave channels.

Findings

Model shows good consistency with existing models at low altitude.

Model outperforms at high altitude in simulations.

Useful for A2G channel modeling and performance evaluation.

Abstract

Based on the three-dimensional propagation characteristic under built-up scenarios, a height-dependent line-of-sight (LoS) probability model for air-to-ground (A2G) millimeter wave (mmWave) communications is proposed in this paper. With comprehensive considerations of scenario factors, i.e., building height distribution, building width, building space, and the heights of transceivers, this paper upgrades the prediction method of International Telecommunication Union-Radio (ITU-R) standard to both low altitude and high altitude cases. In order to speed up the LoS probability prediction, an approximate parametric model is also developed based on the theoretical expression. The simulation results based on ray-tracing (RT) method show that the proposed model has good consistency with existing models at the low altitude. However, it has better performance at the high altitude. The new model can be used for the A2G channel modeling and performance analysis such as cell coverage, outage probability, and bit error rate of A2G communication systems.