Formation and crossover of multiple helical dipole chains

TL;DR

This paper explores how classical dipoles arranged on a helix form various intertwined helical chains, revealing a self-similar bifurcation structure linked to number theory, with implications for tunable nanostructures.

Contribution

It uncovers the formation of multiple helical dipole chains and their bifurcation structure, connecting physical configurations to the Stern-Brocot tree and Farey sequence.

Findings

Dipoles form single, double, and higher-order helical chains.

The chain configurations are self-similar and bifurcate according to a mathematical sequence.

The properties of the chains can be tuned by geometrical parameters.

Abstract

We investigate the classical equilibrium properties and metamorphosis of the ground state of interacting dipoles with fixed locations on a helix. The dipoles are shown to align themselves along separate intertwined dipole chains forming single, double, and higher-order helical chains. The number of dipole chains, and their properties such as chirality and length scale on which the chains wind around each other, can be tuned by the geometrical parameters. We demonstrate that all possible configurations form a self-similar bifurcation diagram which can be linked to the Stern-Brocot tree and the underlying Farey sequence. We describe the mechanism responsible for this behavior and subsequently discuss corresponding implications and possible applications.