$\Lambda$CDM: Much more than we expected, but now less than what we want

TL;DR

The $ m heta$CDM model effectively describes the Universe with minimal parameters but relies on physics beyond the standard model, highlighting the need for new discoveries and understanding in cosmology.

Contribution

This paper critically examines the $ m heta$CDM model's successes and limitations, emphasizing the importance of uncovering new physics beyond the standard model.

Findings

$ m heta$CDM fits current data well

Relies on dark matter, dark energy, inflation beyond standard physics

Highlights challenges and future directions in cosmology

Abstract

The $\rm\Lambda$CDM cosmological model is remarkable: with just 6 parameters it describes the evolution of the Universe from a very early time when all structures were quantum fluctuations on subatomic scales to the present, and it is consistent with a wealth of high-precision data, both laboratory measurements and astronomical observations. However, the foundation of $\rm\Lambda$CDM involves physics beyond the standard model of particle physics: particle dark matter, dark energy and cosmic inflation. Until this `new physics' is clarified, $\rm\Lambda$CDM is at best incomplete and at worst a phenomenological construct that accommodates the data. I discuss the path forward, which involves both discovery and disruption, some grand challenges and finally the limits of scientific cosmology.