Porous block copolymer separation membranes for 21st century sanitation and hygiene

TL;DR

This paper reviews the design, preparation, and application of nanoporous block copolymer membranes that offer a promising solution for high-performance water and air purification, addressing the trade-offs between permeance, selectivity, and mechanical stability.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of how block copolymers can be engineered into nanoporous membranes with tailored properties for sanitation and hygiene applications.

Findings

Nanoporous BCP membranes can achieve high permeance and selectivity.

Microphase separation enables precise control of pore sizes.

These membranes are suitable for water purification applications.

Abstract

Removing hazardous particulate and macromolecular contaminants as well as viruses with sizes from a few nm up to the 100-nm-range from water and air is crucial for ensuring sufficient sanitation and hygiene for a growing world population. To this end, high-performance separation membranes are needed that combine high permeance, high selectivity and sufficient mechanical stability under operating conditions. However, design features of separation membranes enhancing permeance reduce selectivity and vice versa. Membrane configurations combining high permeance and high selectivity suffer in turn from a lack of mechanical robustness. These problems may be tackled by using block copolymers (BCPs) as a material platform for the design of separation membranes. BCPs are macromolecules that consist of two or more chemically distinct block segments, which undergo microphase separation yielding a wealth of ordered nanoscopic domain structures. Various methods allow the transformation of these nanoscopic domain structures into customized nanopore systems with pore sizes in the sub-100-nm range and with narrow pore size distributions. This tutorial review summarizes design strategies for nanoporous state-of-the-art BCP separation membranes, their preparation, their device integration and their use for water purification.