Are Interactions with Neutron Star Merger Winds Shaping the Jets?

TL;DR

This study uses 3D relativistic simulations to explore how neutron star merger winds influence jet structure and observable afterglows, revealing that initial jet shapes are altered during propagation and that inferred parameters depend on jet models.

Contribution

It demonstrates how neutrino-driven winds affect jet collimation and structure, providing insights into afterglow modeling and parameter inference in neutron star mergers.

Findings

Initial jet structures are washed out during propagation.

Jet luminosity influences final collimation and structure.

Simulated light curves can match GW170817 afterglow observations.

Abstract

Jets can become collimated as they propagate through dense environments and understanding such interactions is crucial for linking physical models of the environments to observations. In this work, we use 3D special-relativistic simulations to study how jets propagate through the environment created around a neutron star merger remnant by neutrino-driven winds. We simulate four jets with two different initial structures, top-hat and Gaussian, and two luminosities. After jet breakout, we study the angular jet structures and the resulting afterglow light curves. We find that the initial angular structures are efficiently washed out during the propagation, despite the small wind mass of only $\sim 10^{-3}$ M$_\odot$. The final structure depends on the jet luminosity as less energetic jets are more strongly collimated, and entrainment of baryons leads to a moderate outflow Lorentz factor ($\approx 40$). Although our jets are not specifically intended to model the outflows of the GW170817 event, we show that they can be used to produce light curves consistent with the afterglow observed in the aftermath of GW170817. Using this procedure we show how the inferred physical parameters e.g., inclination angle, ambient particle number density, can vary substantially between independent fits of the same dataset and appear to be sensitive to smaller details of the angular jet shape, indicating that observationally inferred parameters may depend sensitively on the employed jet models.