Particle properties in the early universe from the contraction of the SM gauge group

TL;DR

This paper explores how elementary particle properties evolve in the early universe by modeling the Standard Model gauge group contraction at high energies, revealing drastic changes like mass loss and long-range interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach using gauge group contraction to describe particle properties across different universe evolution stages.

Findings

Particles lose mass at infinite temperature

Electroweak interactions become long-range

Only neutral particles like neutrinos and photons survive

Abstract

The properties of elementary particles and their interactions at different stages of the evolution of the Universe, starting with the Planck energy $ 10 ^{19} $ GeV, are presented. We assume that the Standard Model gauge group becomes simpler as the temperature of the universe increases. The description is based on the hypothesis that the high-energy (high-temperature) limit of the Standard Model is generated by the contraction of the gauge group. An explicit form of the Lagrangian is obtained for each stage of the evolution of the universe and is the basis for describing the properties of elementary particles. These properties change drastically in the infinite temperature limit: all particles lose mass, only massless neutral $ Z $ bosons and $ u $ quarks, as well as neutrinos and photons, survive. Electroweak interactions become long range and are mediated by neutral currents. All quarks are monochromatic.