Systematics on production of superheavy nuclei $Z = 119-122$ in fusion-evaporation reactions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation of superheavy nuclei with atomic numbers 119-122 using a dinuclear system model, calculating production cross sections and analyzing factors influencing their formation in fusion-evaporation reactions.

Contribution

It introduces a Monte Carlo approach into the dinuclear system model to systematically study superheavy nuclei production, considering all orientations and neutron richness effects.

Findings

Production cross sections depend strongly on neutron richness.

Evaporation residue excitation functions relate to neutron separation energy.

Calculated results agree with available experimental data.

Abstract

The fusion dynamics on the formation of superheavy nuclei is investigated thoroughly within the dinuclear system model. The Monte Carlo approach is implemented into the nucleon transfer process for including all possible orientations, at which the dinuclear system is assumed to be formed at the touching configuration of dinuclear fragments. The production cross sections of superheavy nuclei Cn, Fl, Lv, Ts and Og are calculated and compared with the available data from Dubna. The evaporation residue excitation functions in the channels of pure neutrons and charged particles are analyzed systematically. The combinations with $^{44}$Sc, $^{48,50}$Ti, $^{49,51}$V, $^{52,54}$Cr, $^{58,62}$Fe and $^{62,64}$Ni bombarding the actinide nuclides $^{238}$U, $^{244}$Pu, $^{248}$Cm, $^{247,249}$Bk, $^{249,251}$Cf, $^{252}$Es and $^{243}$Am are calculated for producing the superheavy elements with Z=119-122. It is found that the production cross sections sensitively depend on the neutron richness of reaction system. The structure of evaporation residue excitation function is related to the neutron separation energy and fission barrier of compound nucleus.