Spin accumulation and dissipation excited by an ultrafast laser pulse

TL;DR

This paper models how ultrafast laser pulses induce transient spin accumulation in nonmagnetic metals via superdiffusive spin transport, revealing decay dynamics and key parameters influencing spin dissipation.

Contribution

It introduces a superdiffusive spin transport model to analyze the generation and decay of laser-induced spin accumulation in NM metals, highlighting the role of hot electron dynamics.

Findings

Spin accumulation decays exponentially from the interface.

Decay length varies with hot electron mean free path.

Interface reflectivity has minimal effect on spin accumulation.

Abstract

An ultrafast spin current can be induced by femtosecond laser excitation in a ferromagnetic (FM) thin film in contact with a nonmagnetic (NM) metal. The propagation of an ultrafast spin current into NM metal has recently been found in experiments to generate transient spin accumulation. Unlike spin accumulation in equilibrium NM metals that occurs due to spin transport at the Fermi energy, transient spin accumulation involves highly nonequilibrium hot electrons well above the Fermi level. To date, the diffusion and dissipation of this transient spin accumulation has not been well studied. Using the superdiffusive spin transport model, we demonstrate how spin accumulation is generated in NM metals after laser excitation in an FM|NM bilayer. The spin accumulation shows an exponential decay from the FM|NM interface, with the decay length increasing to the maximum value and then decreasing until saturation. By analyzing the ultrafast dynamics of laser-excited hot electrons, the "effective mean free path", which can be characterized by the averaged product of the group velocity and lifetime of hot electrons, is found to play a key role. The interface reflectivity has little influence on the spin accumulation in NM metals. Our calculated results are in qualitative agreement with recent experiments.