Generation of four-dimensional hyperentangled N00N states and beyond with photonic orbital angular momentum and detection-basis control

TL;DR

This paper introduces a versatile protocol for generating four-dimensional hyperentangled N00N states using photonic orbital angular momentum, enabling high-dimensional quantum entanglement with noise-free ideal conditions.

Contribution

It proposes a novel interference-based method with detection-basis control to produce maximally hyperentangled states in multiple dimensions, including a generalization of N00N states.

Findings

States are maximally and hyper-entangled in four dimensions.

The setup can generate noise-less, ideal states.

The protocol allows tuning from two to four dimensions.

Abstract

Hyperentanglement of photonic light modes is a valuable resource in quantum information processing and quantum communication. Here we propose a new protocol using the interference of two optical nonlinearities and control of the heralding (detection) basis in the orbital-angular-momentum degree of freedom. This setup is capable of generating states which are both maximally- and hyper- entangled in at least four dimensions. The resultant state in the four-dimensional case is a generalization of the so-called N00N state (a maximally path-entangled state well known in quantum optics). The production of this state is "perfect" (in other words noise-less) at least in the ideal case, excluding experimental imperfections. The presented setup is very versatile, and with control of the detection and pumping protocols a massively-large parameter space, of arbitrarily-large dimensionality, may be searched for other states of interest. Also, we present specific cases demonstrating how the state may be tuned from two, to three, to four dimensions -- which may be of further theoretical and experimental interest.