Novel strategies of Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS) for calibrating wind speed/power forecasts

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new nonlinear EMOS calibration method for wind speed and power forecasts, improving accuracy over traditional linear approaches by effectively utilizing conditioning variables, with practical implications for renewable energy forecasting.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel, computationally efficient nonlinear EMOS strategy that enhances wind forecast calibration by leveraging additional weather observables, outperforming traditional linear methods.

Findings

Nonlinear EMOS improves calibration accuracy.

Conditioning variables significantly reduce model error.

Enhanced wind forecasts benefit renewable energy market predictions.

Abstract

The issue of the accuracy of wind speed/power forecasts is becoming more and more important as wind power production continues to increase year after year. Having accurate forecasts for the energy market clashes with intrinsic difficulties of wind forecasts due to, e.g., the coarse resolution of Numerical Weather Prediction models. Here, we propose a novel Ensemble Model Output Statistics (EMOS) which accounts for nonlinear relationships between predictands and both predictors and other weather observables used as conditioning variables. The strategy is computationally cheap and easy-to-implement with respect to other more complex strategies dealing with nonlinear regressions. Our novel strategy is assessed in a systematic way to quantify its added value with respect to ordinary, linear, EMOS strategies. Wind speed/power forecasts over Italy from the Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) in use at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are considered for this purpose. The calibrations are based on the use of past wind speed measurements collected by 69 SYNOP stations over Italy in the years 2018 and 2019. Our results show the key role played by conditioning variables to disentangle the model error thus allowing a net improvement of the calibration with respect to ordinary EMOS strategies. Finally, we have quantified the impact of calibrated wind forecasts on the wind power forecasts finding results of interest for the renewable energy market.