Near-threshold Spectrum from Uniformized Mittag-Leffler Expansion -Pole Structure of $Z(3900)$-

TL;DR

This paper explores how S-matrix poles influence near-threshold spectra using a uniformized Mittag-Leffler expansion, revealing that pole proximity, not sheet location, determines spectral peaks and challenging traditional resonance interpretations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analysis method for near-threshold spectra using uniformized Mittag-Leffler expansion and clarifies the role of S-matrix poles in spectral features, especially for the $Z(3900)$.

Findings

Spectral peaks near thresholds are primarily determined by pole proximity.

Pole position on different sheets does not significantly affect the spectrum.

Near-threshold poles can produce peaks without traditional resonance characteristics.

Abstract

We demonstrate how S-matrix poles manifest themselves as the physical spectrum near the upper threshold in the context of the two-channel uniformized Mittag-Leffler expansion, an expression written as a sum of pole terms under an appropriate variable where the S-matrix is made single-valued (uniformization). We show that the transition of the spectrum is continuous as a S-matrix pole moves across the boundaries of the complex energy Riemann sheets and that the physical spectrum peaks at or near the upper threshold when the S-matrix pole is positioned sufficiently close to it on the uniformized plane. There is no essential difference on which sheet the pole is positioned. What is important is the existence of a pole near the upper threshold and the distance between the pole and the physical region, not on which complex energy sheet the pole is positioned. We also point out that when the pole is close to the upper threshold, the complex pole does not have the usual meaning of the resonance. Neither the real part represents the peak energy, nor the imaginary part represents the half width. Subsequently, we try to understand the current status of $Z(3900)$ from the viewpoint of the uniformized Mittag-Leffler expansion reflecting in particular, Phys.Rev.Lett.117, 242001 (2016) in which they concluded that $Z(3900)$ is not a conventional resonance but a threshold cusp. We point out that their results turn out to indicate the existence of S-matrix poles near the $\bar D D^*$ threshold, which is most likely the origin of the peak found in their calculation of the near-threshold spectrum. In order to support our argument, we set up a separable potential model which shares common behavior of poles near the $\bar D D^*$ threshold to the above-mentioned reference and show in our model that the structures near the $\bar D D^*$ threshold are indeed caused by these near-threshold poles.