Digital simulation of convex mixtures of Markovian and non-Markovian single qubit Pauli channels on NISQ devices

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how to simulate convex mixtures of Markovian and non-Markovian single-qubit Pauli channels on NISQ devices, using efficient circuits and process matrix regularization to ensure physical validity.

Contribution

It introduces heuristic methods for constructing efficient circuits tailored to NISQ hardware for simulating complex quantum channel mixtures, including non-Markovian effects.

Findings

Efficient circuit designs reduce CNOT gate count for NISQ implementation.

Regularization of process matrices ensures CPTP channels in tomography.

Successful simulation of convex mixtures of quantum channels on NISQ devices.

Abstract

Quantum algorithms for simulating quantum systems provide a clear and provable advantage over classical algorithms in fault-tolerant settings. There is also interest in quantum algorithms and their implementation in Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) settings. In these settings, various noise sources and errors must be accounted for when executing any experiments. Recently, NISQ devices have been verified as versatile testbeds for simulating open quantum systems and have been used to simulate simple quantum channels. Our goal is to solve the more complicated problem of simulating convex mixtures of single qubit Pauli channels on NISQ devices. We consider two specific cases: mixtures of Markovian channels that result in a non-Markovian channel (M+M=nM) and mixtures of non-Markovian channels that result in a Markovian channel (nM+nM=M). For the first case, we consider mixtures of Markovian single-qubit Pauli channels; for the second case, we consider mixtures of Non-Markovian single-qubit depolarising channels, which is a special case of the single-qubit Pauli channel. We show that efficient circuits, which account for the topology of currently available devices and current levels of decoherence, can be constructed by heuristic approaches that reduce the number of CNOT gates used in our circuit. We also present a strategy for regularising the process matrix so that the process tomography yields a completely positive and trace-preserving (CPTP) channel.