Comparing the Performance of Traffic Coordination Methods for Advanced Aerial Mobility

TL;DR

This paper evaluates a new airborne collaborative traffic coordination method for advanced aerial mobility, comparing its safety and efficiency against existing techniques in high-density, dynamic scenarios.

Contribution

It introduces and assesses a novel local, collaborative traffic coordination approach suitable for dense urban AAM environments, addressing limitations of existing methods.

Findings

The proposed method effectively resolves conflicts among multiple aircraft.

It performs comparably or better than established methods in various scenarios.

The approach enhances safety and efficiency in high-density airspace.

Abstract

Traffic Management in Advanced Aerial Mobility (AAM) inherits many elements of conventional Air Traffic Management (ATM), but brings new complexities and challenges of its own. One of its ways of guaranteeing separation is the use of airborne, stand-alone Detect-And-Avoid, an operational concept where each aircraft decides its avoidance maneuvers independently, observing right-of-way rules and, in specific implementations, some form of pairwise coordination. This is a fundamental safety element for autonomous aircraft but, according to our research, is not sufficient for high-density airspaces as envisioned for urban environments. In these environments, some way of explicit and strategic traffic coordination must be in place, as done for conventional ATM. For efficiency reasons, ATM is evolving to more flexible uses of the airspace, such that the use of dynamically allocated corridors is a rising concept for AAM. These strategic forms of traffic coordination are potentially highly efficient if the aircraft adhere to their trajectory contracts and there are no significant perturbations to the traffic. However, if significant perturbations occur, such as loss of data communication, or the sudden appearance of an intruder, a centralized system may not react appropriately in due time. In busy scenarios, even small deviations from plans may compound so rapidly as to result in large differences in the overall achieved scenario, resulting in congestions and convoluted conflicts. Therefore, it is worth studying traffic coordination techniques that work locally with shorter look-ahead times. To that end, we explore an airborne collaborative method for traffic coordination, which is capable of safely solving conflicts with multiple aircraft, stressing its capabilities throughout a large number of scenarios and comparing its performance with established methods.