Decelerated sub-relativistic material with energy Injection

TL;DR

This paper models the afterglow evolution of non-relativistic ejecta with energy injection in various media, analyzing how initial conditions affect observable light curves, with implications for kilonova phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive model for decelerated, energy-injected, sub-relativistic ejecta in different environments, extending previous models to include energy injection effects.

Findings

Light curves vary significantly with initial conditions.

Parameter changes influence frequencies, timescales, and intensities.

Model applicable to kilonova afterglow analysis.

Abstract

We investigate the evolution of the afterglow produced by the deceleration of the non-relativistic material due to its surroundings. The ejecta mass is launched into the circumstellar medium with equivalent kinetic energy expressed as a power-law velocity distribution $E\propto (\Gamma\beta)^{-\alpha}$. The density profile of this medium follows a power law $n(r)\propto r^{-k}$ with $k$ the stratification parameter, which accounts for the usual cases of a constant medium ($k=0$) and a wind-like medium ($k=2$). A long-lasting central engine, which injects energy into the ejected material as ($E\propto t^{1-q}$) was also assumed. With our model, we show the predicted light curves associated with this emission for different sets of initial conditions and notice the effect of the variation of these parameters on the frequencies, timescales and intensities. The results are discussed in the Kilonova scenario.