"Sharing Wisdoms from the East": Developing a Native Theory of ICT4D Using Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) -- Experience from Timor-Leste

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how Grounded Theory Methodology can be used to develop native, indigenous theories in ICT4D, illustrated through a case study from Timor-Leste, emphasizing methodology and practical steps.

Contribution

It provides a detailed guide on applying GTM for theory-building in ICT4D, contributing to methodological diversification and native theory development.

Findings

Developed a native mid-range theory called 'Cultivating-Sustainability' for ICT4D.

Outlined practical steps for applying GTM in ICT4D research.

Highlighted strategies like theoretical sampling and constant comparison in theory development.

Abstract

There have been repeated calls made for theory-building studies in ICT4D research to solidify the existence of this research field. However, theory-building studies are not yet common, even though ICT4D as a research domain is a promising venue to develop native and indigenous theories. To this end, this paper outlines a theory-building study in ICT4D, based on the author's experience in developing a mid-range theory called 'Cultivating-Sustainability' of E-government projects, a native mid-range theory of ICT4D. The paper synthesizes the GTM literature and provides a step-by-step illustration of GTM use in practice for research students and early career ICT4D academics. It introduces the key strategies and principles of GTM, such as the theoretical sampling strategy, the constant comparison strategy, the concept-emergent principle, and the use of literature throughout the study process. Then discusses the steps involved in the data collection and analysis process to develop a theory using case studies as sources of empirical data; it concludes with a discussion on using the strategies and principles in the three case studies. It is expected that this paper contributes to the diversification of research methodology, particularly to our collective quest for developing native and indigenous theories in the ICT4D research domain.