Stable and scalable multistage terahertz-driven particle accelerator
Heng Tang, Lingrong Zhao, Pengfei Zhu, Xiao Zou, Jia Qi, Ya Cheng,, Jiaqi Qiu, Xianggang Hu, Wei Song, Dao Xiang, Jie Zhang

TL;DR
This paper presents a compact, scalable terahertz-driven multistage particle accelerator that achieves stable, efficient acceleration of electrons, offering a promising alternative to traditional large-scale accelerators.
Contribution
The authors demonstrate a mini-accelerator using terahertz pulses with precise phase control, enabling stable multistage acceleration with high charge efficiency.
Findings
Achieved nearly 100% electron acceleration with unchanged energy spread.
Successfully staged acceleration in two dielectric waveguides with high charge coupling.
Demonstrated stable, scalable beam acceleration in a compact setup.
Abstract
Particle accelerators that use electromagnetic fields to increase a charged particle's energy have greatly advanced the development of science and industry since invention. However, the enormous cost and size of conventional radio-frequency accelerators have limited their accessibility. Here we demonstrate a mini-accelerator powered by terahertz pulses with wavelengths 100 times shorter than radio-frequency pulses. By injecting a short relativistic electron bunch to a 30-mm-long dielectric-lined waveguide and tuning the frequency of a 20-period terahertz pulse to the phase-velocity-matched value, precise and sustained acceleration for nearly 100% of the electrons is achieved with the beam energy spread essentially unchanged. Furthermore, by accurately controlling the phase of two terahertz pulses, the beam is stably accelerated successively in two dielectric waveguides with close to…
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