Accretion induced merger leading to core collapse supernovae in old stellar populations

TL;DR

This paper proposes a new evolutionary pathway in old stellar populations where a triple-star system leads to a core collapse supernova via accretion and merger, resulting in a neutron star and white dwarf remnants.

Contribution

It introduces a novel triple-star evolution scenario for CCSNe in old populations, involving accretion, merger, and reverse evolution pathways not previously emphasized.

Findings

Estimated event rate of ~5e-5 of all CCSNe.

Predicted detection of 1-5 such events in upcoming sky surveys.

Described a new evolutionary channel for supernovae in old stellar populations.

Abstract

We examine a triple-star evolution that might lead to core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) in stellar populations that are too old to allow for single or binary evolution to form CCSNe, i.e., where the most massive stars that evolve off the main sequence have masses of ~4-5Mo. In the scenario we examine the most massive star in the triple system, of mass ~4-5Mo, transfers mass to an inner binary system at an orbital separation of ~100-1000Ro. The initial orbital separation of the inner binary is ~10-50Ro. The inner binary accretes most of the mass that the primary star loses and the two stars expand and their mutual orbit contracts until merger. The merger product is a main sequence star of mass ~8-10Mo that later experiences a CCSN explosion and leaves a NS remnant, bound or unbound to the white dwarf (WD) remnant of the primary star. We estimate the event rate of this WD-NS reverse evolution scenario to be a fraction of ~5e-5 of all CCSNe. We expect that in the coming decade sky surveys will detect 1-5 such events.