Energy dependence of underlying-event observables from RHIC to LHC energies

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how underlying-event observables in proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions depend on collision energy from RHIC to LHC, proposing a two-component model that predicts behavior at future collider energies.

Contribution

It introduces a two-component model combining power-law and logarithmic terms to describe energy dependence of underlying-event observables across a wide energy range.

Findings

The model fits data from RHIC to LHC energies.

Extrapolation suggests UE and ISR-FSR contributions will equalize around 100 TeV.

Power-law behavior aligns with the energy dependence of multiparton interactions.

Abstract

A study of the charged-particle density (number density) in the transverse region of the di-hadron correlations exploiting the existing pp and p$\bar{\rm p}$ data from RHIC to LHC energies is reported. This region has contributions from the Underlying Event (UE) as well as from Initial- and Final-State Radiation (ISR-FSR). Based on the data, a two-component model is built. This has the functional form $\propto s^{\alpha}+\beta\log(s)$, where the logarithmic (($\beta = 0.140 \pm 0.007$)) and the power-law ($\alpha = 0.270 \pm 0.005$) terms describe the components more sensitive to the ISR-FSR and UE contributions, respectively. The model describes the data from RHIC to LHC energies, the extrapolation to higher energies indicates that at around $\sqrt{s} \approx 100$\,TeV the number density associated to UE will match that from ISR-FSR. Although this behaviour is not predicted by PYTHIA~8.244, the power-law behaviour of the UE contribution is consistent with the energy dependence of the parameter that regulates Multiparton Interactions. Using simulations, KNO-like scaling properties of the multiplicity distributions in the regions sensitive to either UE or ISR-FSR are also discussed. The results presented here can be helpful to constrain QCD-inspired Monte Carlo models at the Future Circular Collider energies, as well as to characterize the UE-based event classifiers which are currently used at the LHC.