Converting electrons into emergent fermions at a superconductor-Kitaev spin liquid interface

TL;DR

This paper investigates the interface between a chiral Kitaev spin liquid and a superconductor, revealing a phase transition where electrons convert into emergent fermions, detectable via Majorana modes in tunneling experiments.

Contribution

It demonstrates a novel phase transition at the superconductor-Kitaev spin liquid interface, enabling electron-emergent fermion conversion and observable Majorana edge modes.

Findings

Identification of a phase transition with fermion condensation

Emergence of visible Majorana edge modes in local density of states

Validation through density matrix renormalization group simulations

Abstract

We study an interface between a Kitaev spin liquid (KSL) in the chiral phase and a non-chiral superconductor. When the coupling across the interface is sufficiently strong, the interface undergoes a transition into a phase characterized by a condensation of a bound state of a Bogoliubov quasiparticle in the superconductor and an emergent fermionic excitation in the spin liquid. In the condensed phase, electrons in the superconductor can coherently convert into emergent fermions in the spin liquid and vice versa. As a result, the chiral Majorana edge mode of the spin liquid becomes visible in the electronic local density of states at the interface, which can be measured in scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments. We demonstrate the existence of this phase transition, and the non-local order parameter that characterizes it, using density matrix renormalization group simulations of a KSL strip coupled at its edge to a superconductor. An analogous phase transition can occur in a simpler system composed of a one-dimensional spin chain with a spin-flip $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry coupled to a superconductor.