Topographic control of order in quasi-2D granular phase transitions

TL;DR

This study experimentally shows how surface topography influences the nature of phase transitions in a quasi-2D granular fluid, changing it from continuous to first-order and affecting phase separation.

Contribution

It demonstrates that boundary geometry and inelasticity control phase transition order and phase coexistence in granular systems, revealing the role of surface topography.

Findings

Surface topography changes phase transition from continuous to first-order.

Boundary geometry influences wetting and phase separation.

Interfacial tension observed between coexisting phases.

Abstract

We experimentally investigate the nature of 2D phase transitions in a quasi-2D granular fluid. Using a surface decorated with periodically spaced dimples we observe interfacial tension between coexisting liquid and crystal phases. Measurements of the orientational and translational order parameters and associated susceptibilities indicate that the surface topography alters the order of the phase transition from a two-step continuous one to a first-order liquid-crystal one. The interplay of boundary inelasticity and geometry, either order-promoting or inhibiting, controls the wetting of the granular crystal / fluid. This order induced wetting has important consequences, determining how coexisting phases separate spatially.