The VMC survey -- XLIII. The spatially resolved star formation history across the Large Magellanic Cloud

TL;DR

This study maps the detailed, spatially-resolved star formation history of the Large Magellanic Cloud using near-infrared data, revealing patterns of star formation over the past 4 billion years with high spatial resolution.

Contribution

It provides the first homogeneous, high-resolution SFH map of the LMC covering a larger area than previous optical studies, with new insights into star formation patterns and rates.

Findings

Star formation was most intense between 4 and 0.5 Gyr ago.

Star formation is patchy at recent times and concentrated in spiral arms and the Bar.

Older populations are more smoothly distributed across the LMC.

Abstract

We derive the spatially-resolved star formation history (SFH) for a $96$ deg$^2$ area across the main body of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), using the near-infrared photometry from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds (VMC). The data and analyses are characterised by a great degree of homogeneity and a low sensitivity to the interstellar extinction. 756 subregions of size $0.125$ deg$^2$ -- corresponding to projected sizes of about $296\times322\,\mathrm{pc}^{2}$ in the LMC -- are analysed. The resulting SFH maps, with typical resolution of $0.2$--$0.3$ dex in logarithm of age, reveal main features in the LMC disc at different ages: the patchy star formation at recent ages, the concentration of star formation on three spiral arms and on the Bar up to ages of $\sim\!1.6$ Gyr, and the wider and smoother distribution of older populations. The period of most intense star formation occurred roughly between 4 and 0.5 Gyr ago, at rates of $\sim\!0.3\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. We compare young and old star formation rates with the observed numbers of RR Lyrae and Cepheids. We also derive a mean extinction and mean distance for every subregion, and the plane that best describes the spatial distribution of the mean distances. Our results cover an area about 50 per cent larger than the classical SFH maps derived from optical data by Harris & Zaritsky (2009). Main differences with respect to those maps are lower star formation rates at young ages, and a main peak of star formation being identified at ages slightly younger than $1$ Gyr.