Dark matter in three-Higgs-doublet models with $S_3$ symmetry

TL;DR

This paper investigates three-Higgs-doublet models with $S_3$ symmetry, identifying vacua that can host dark matter candidates stabilized by residual symmetry, and analyzes their phenomenological viability.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of $S_3$-symmetric three-Higgs-doublet models, including vacuum structure, dark matter stability, and phenomenological constraints.

Findings

Identified vacua with vanishing VEVs stabilized by residual $S_3$ symmetry.

Only one inert Higgs doublet in the explored vacuum configuration.

Model compatible with current experimental and astrophysical constraints.

Abstract

Models with two or more scalar doublets with discrete or global symmetries can have vacua with vanishing vacuum expectation values in the bases where symmetries are imposed. If a suitable symmetry stabilises such vacua, these models may lead to interesting dark matter candidates, provided that the symmetry prevents couplings among the dark matter candidates and the fermions. We analyse three-Higgs-doublet models with an underlying $S_3$ symmetry. These models have many distinct vacua with one or two vanishing vacuum expectation values which can be stabilised by a remnant of the $S_3$ symmetry which survived spontaneous symmetry breaking. We discuss all possible vacua in the context of $S_3$-symmetric three-Higgs-doublet models, allowing also for softly broken $S_3$, and explore one of the vacuum configurations in detail. In the case we explore, only one of the three Higgs doublets is inert. The other two are active, and therefore the active sector, in many aspects, behaves like a two-Higgs-doublet model. The way the fermions couple to the scalar sector is constrained by the $S_3$ symmetry and is such that the flavour structure of the model is solely governed by the $V_\text{CKM}$ matrix which, in our framework, is not constrained by the $S_3$ symmetry. This is a key requirement for models with minimal flavour violation. In our model there is no CP violation in the scalar sector. We study this model in detail giving the masses and couplings and identifying the range of parameters that are compatible with theoretical and experimental constraints, both from accelerator physics and from astrophysics.