Interaction of a three-level atom Lambda, V, lader with a two-mode field beyond rotating wave approximation: Intermixed intensity-dependent coupling

TL;DR

This paper develops an analytical approach to study the full quantum dynamics of three-level atoms interacting with a two-mode field beyond the rotating wave approximation, revealing intensity-dependent couplings and effects on nonclassical properties.

Contribution

It introduces a perturbation-based method to derive analytically solvable Hamiltonians that include counter-rotating terms, with intensity-dependent couplings involving both field modes.

Findings

Counter-rotating terms induce intensity-dependent detuning and coupling.

The approach yields analytically solvable Hamiltonians with intermixed mode couplings.

Effects on atomic population inversion and photon statistics are analyzed.

Abstract

Recalling that the rotating wave approximation (RWA) is only valid in the weak coupling regimes, the purpose of this paper is to study the Hamiltonian dynamics describing the full quantum mechanical approach of the interaction between various configurations of three-level atoms Lambda, V and ladder distinctly with a two-mode radiation field, while the RWA is not considered; the counter-rotating terms (CRTs) are taken into account. Generally, the presence of CRTs in the Hamiltonian prevents one to achieve an analytical solution. Moreover, as we will show in the present work, using the perturbation theory, analytical solvable Hamiltonians can be successfully obtained. According to our calculations, the contribution of CRTs within the ordinary Hamiltonian is equivalent to the replacement of the constant detuning with a specific intensity dependent detuning in the first order, and the constant atom field coupling with a particular intensity dependent (f deformed) coupling in the second order of the associated perturbation parameter. Moreover, noticing that according to the initial expression of the Hamiltonian, each mode of the field interacts only with a specific pair of the allowed transitions of each type of the three-level atom, it is surprisingly observed that via applying the mentioned approach, the obtained intensity dependent coupling functions depend on both modes of the field, f(na,nb). In this way, it is seen that the CRTs are removed with the price of arriving at some intermixed intensity dependent atom field coupling functions of the two modes of the field. In this way, the obtained final Hamiltonians are analytically solvable. At last, by determining the time evolution of the atom field wave function, we study the effects of CRTs on a few nonclassical properties of the state of the system, including the atomic population inversion and photon statistics.