Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Confinement from an Interacting Ensemble of Instanton-dyons in Two-flavor Massless QCD

TL;DR

This paper uses numerical simulations of instanton-dyons in two-flavor massless QCD to explore how their interactions induce confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, identifying the transition temperature and nature of the phase transition.

Contribution

It introduces a novel simulation approach for instanton-dyons in SU(3) gauge theory with two flavors, demonstrating their role in confinement and chiral symmetry breaking.

Findings

Dyon density correlates with the confining potential.

Chiral symmetry is broken at a specific transition temperature.

Transitions are consistent with second-order phase transitions.

Abstract

In this work we present the results from numerical simulations of an interacting ensemble of instanton-dyons in the $SU(3)$ gauge group with $N_f=2$ flavors of massless quarks. Dynamical quarks are included via the effective interactions induced by the fermionic determinant evaluated in the subspace of topological zero modes. The eigenvalue spectrum of the Dirac operator is studied at different volumes to extract the chiral condensate and eigenvalue gap, with both observables providing consistent values of the chiral transition temperature $T_c$. We find that a sufficient density of dyons is responsible for generating the confining potential and breaking the chiral symmetry, both of which are compatible with second-order transitions.