Testing the accuracy of Coimbra Astronomical Observatory solar filament historical series (1929-1941)

TL;DR

This study validates the historical solar filament position data from Coimbra Observatory (1929-1941) using modern digital analysis, confirming its reliability for future solar activity research.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that the historical filament positions from Coimbra Observatory are accurate and reliable through modern digital validation techniques.

Findings

High correlation between original and digital measurements

Validation of the historical method used at Coimbra Observatory

Reliable data suitable for future solar activity studies

Abstract

The present work aims to validate the positions of solar filaments published in the Annals of Coimbra University Astronomical Observatory, currently the Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra, corresponding to years 1929 to 1941. The published Stonyhurst positions were obtained by an original method devised in the early 20th century that used a spherical calculator instrument, a wood-made model of the sun. We used the digital images of the original spectroheliograms to measure the positions of the filaments, and heliographic coordinates were determinate with the routines implemented on python package Sunpy. The correlation coefficients between both sets of coordinates are positive and highly significant. The results validate the method used at the Coimbra observatory and the data published. We conclude that Coimbra solar filaments catalogues are reliable and can therefore be considered for future solar activity studies.