The miniJPAS Survey: A Study on Wavelength Dependence of the Photon Response Non-uniformity of the JPAS-{\it Pathfinder} Camera

TL;DR

This study investigates the wavelength-dependent variations in small-scale flat-field responses of the JPAS-Pathfinder CCD camera, revealing their origins and implications for high-precision astronomical measurements.

Contribution

It provides a physical model explaining the wavelength dependence of CCD flat-field variations, highlighting the roles of quantum efficiency, effective area, and thickness in different wavelengths.

Findings

Variations increase at shorter wavelengths, from 1.0% at 390 nm to 0.3% at 890 nm.

Strong correlation between flats of filters with close central wavelengths.

A simple model reproduces observed variations with about ±0.14% accuracy.

Abstract

Understanding the origins of small-scale flats of CCDs and their wavelength-dependent variations plays an important role in high-precision photometric, astrometric, and shape measurements of astronomical objects. Based on the unique flat data of 47 narrow-band filters provided by JPAS-{\it Pathfinder}, we analyze the variations of small-scale flats as a function of wavelength. We find moderate variations (from about $1.0\%$ at 390 nm to $0.3\%$ at 890 nm) of small-scale flats among different filters, increasing towards shorter wavelengths. Small-scale flats of two filters close in central wavelengths are strongly correlated. We then use a simple physical model to reproduce the observed variations to a precision of about $\pm 0.14\%$, by considering the variations of charge collection efficiencies, effective areas and thicknesses between CCD pixels. We find that the wavelength-dependent variations of small-scale flats of the JPAS-{\it Pathfinder} camera originate from inhomogeneities of the quantum efficiency (particularly charge collection efficiency) as well as the effective area and thickness of CCD pixels. The former dominates the variations in short wavelengths while the latter two dominate at longer wavelengths. The effects on proper flat-fielding as well as on photometric/flux calibrations for photometric/slit-less spectroscopic surveys are discussed, particularly in blue filters/wavelengths. We also find that different model parameters are sensitive to flats of different wavelengths, depending on the relations between the electron absorption depth, the photon absorption length and the CCD thickness. In order to model the wavelength-dependent variations of small-scale flats, a small number (around ten) of small-scale flats with well-selected wavelengths are sufficient to reconstruct small-scale flats in other wavelengths.